I’ve probably confused the hell out of everyone!’
Please take your time to read this a few times!!!
IF anyone cares to discuss this complex subject further please talk to me at one of the few shows at which
I officiate or give me a phone call.
My mind remains open for other peoples visions and when I see the high quality kittens born at this moment I am excited.
We just have to watch out for the inbreeding rate!!!
"breed to avoid"
© Moens Gunther,
11-06-2011
updated: 13th August 2011
updated: 15th August 2011
updated: 18th October 2011
updated: 7th March 2011
latest update and revieuw 14th of May 2012
The wild type allele A is dominant and produces hair shafts with alternating bands of yellow and black color, ending with black tips.
The cat benied is a cat that must live in our neighbourhood.
I call him Theodore...
Theodore looks a lot like a "Felis sylvestris" what is a wild cat and carries verry simular gense as a golden.
Cats like him are good examples of a cat without strong ASIP but with strong MSH.
People, breeders and judges prefere a medium or strong ASIP
|
Genotype |
Phenotype |
|
A_Ta_Wbwb |
Shaded of Ticked Tabby base pattern with visible pattern |
|
A_Ta_WbWb |
Shaded of Ticked Tabby base pattern
(most common) |
|
A_T_ Wbwb |
Shaded of Spotted Tabby base pattern with visible pattern
(most silver and Persians and Exotics) |
|
A_T_ WbWb |
Shaded of Spotted Tabby base pattern |
|
A_tbtb Wbwb |
Shaded of Classic Tabby base pattern with visible pattern |
|
A_tbtbWbWb |
Shaded of Classic Tabby base pattern |
|
Genotype |
Phenotype |
|
A_TaTa |
Homozygous Barless Ticked Tabby - devoid of leg & tail marking |
|
A_TaT |
Heterozygous Ticked Tabby with distinct leg, facial and tail markings
|
|
A_Tatb |
Heterozygous Ticked Tabby with distinct leg, facial and tail markings
|
|
Genotype |
Phenotype |
|
A_TaTa |
Homozygous Barless Ticked Tabby - devoid of leg & tail marking |
|
A_Ta_ |
Heterozygous Ticked Tabby with distinct leg, facial and tail markings
|
|
A_TaTaWbwb |
Shaded of Barless Ticked pattern - heterozygous for Wide-band
|
|
A_TaTaWbWb |
Shaded of Barless Ticked pattern - homozygous for Wide-band
|
|
A_Ta_Wbwb |
Shaded of Ticked Tabby with distinct markings - heterozygous for Wide-band
|
|
A_Ta_WbWb |
Shaded of Ticked Tabby with markings - homozygous for Wide-band
|
|
Genotype |
Phenotype |
|
A_wbwb |
Dark Tabby of some pattern
(including ticked tabby) |
|
A_Wbwb |
Shaded showing both agouti hairs and visible pattern (including ticked tabby) |
|
A_WbWb |
shaded
(patterns faded away including ticked tabby) |
|
A_WbWb+ |
inbetween shaded and chinchilla
no visible pattern at first sight |
|
A_Wb+Wb+ |
chinchilla
no pattern visible |
strong
strong
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Change of pigment in agouti cats
In humans the production of eumelanine and faeomelanine goes together with the grow of the hair. Each hair is colored from root to top in a mixture from eumelanine and faeomelani, the different graduations give the color of the hair. Black hair has 99% eumelanine brown and blond around 95% eumelanine and 5 % faeomelanine., while red hairs have more than 1/3 of faeomelanine.
In cats the melanocytes work in a special way. They tend to produce only 1 pigment at the time. They have to choose between both. The selection of the pigment is arranged by 2 competing proteins. One is called "MSH" Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone, the other is called "ASIP" Agouti Signaling Protein
nIn eumelanine agouti cats the MSH level is at the beginning high and the production of eumelanine is started. Later, due to the agouti mutation, the ASIP level rises up. The melanocyte changes the production of eumelanine instantly in faeomelanine. The result is hair that is black colored at the top and always at the base creme or red. This is the color of the standard agouti cat.
Since the production of each protein can be switched on and off it is obvious that the hairs will have black and red bands. The best example is the Abby breed. These cats are selected to have multiple bands. It is obvious that selecting the other way is also possible, which explanes why we see so much differences in golden cats.
Conclusion:
The binding of ASP to MC1R precludes alpha-MSH initiated
signaling and this blocks production of cAMP, leading to a down-regulation of eumelanogenesis (brown/black pigment)
and thus increasing synthesis of pheomelanin (yellow/red pigment).
Pheomelanin is always present in a Eumelanine based agouti and is simply to be seen in the yellow/black banding.
low
Simply put, I believe that the coat standard for shaded should be medium to strong WB genes max 1 "additional" band and most hairs with 1 band or without banding.
IN OTHER WORDS both the cat with leg, tail & facial markings, AND the cat with a complete absence of markings
SHOULD BE ACCEPTED AND BE RECOGNISED BY THE "color" STANDARD.
The current situation is to say the least ludicrous.
At this moment beautiful ticked tabbies can not be showed as shaded and vice versa
I fully accept that many Judges, Breeders and Exhibitors are confused, especially as many seem unable to accept a Spotted Tabby, or even a Classic Tabby as a Shaded. Unfortunately far too many Judges, Breeders and Exhibitors have basic understanding of, and even less interest in, tabby patterns and agouti cats. I have voiced this contentious opinion on numerous occasions and I fear that voicing it again will do little to further enhance my popularity!
Is it really necessary to have 2 different breeding standards for cats with the same genes in one case apparantly working over time and in the other case strugling to have those most wanted ticked tabby bandings???????????
There we have it, the differences between the complex mixtures of Ticked Pattern and Wide-band. It all seems very complicated and technical, and yes sometimes you do have to look at individual hairs against both a light and dark background, but at the end of the day they are very pretty moggies! If you are confused, don’t lose sleep over it! Just enjoy the cats for themselves. EXISTING TICKED-BASED SHADEDS. I hope the previous will not scare people away from these cats! The Ticked based Shaded certainly seems to be gaining popularity and is consistently winning at the shows.
How to produce superb coloured goldens?
Don't forget you need to have the strong "agouti signaling protein" present in your cats in order to get super golden, (ASIP) produces a protein that regulates the distribution of red pigment (faeomelanine) within the hair shaft.
The homozygous form (TaTa) has an absence of barring on the legs, and the only vestigial tabby markings are a solid dark tip to the tail, dark fur to the back of the feet, and ‘eye liner’. In some homozygotes a slight partial necklace and slight residual markings on the inside of the front upper leg may be detectable.
There are two forms of Ticked Tabby, the striped-legged heterozygote and the barless homozygote. I personally believe that they both have the right to be called shaded and that only cats with weak WB and a ticked genotype can be called black tabby ticked.
In stead of golden and all others i would propose to call shaded or shell (chinchilla)
They are welcome to visit the proof...
Their determination as hugh risks and is one of the reasons why lots of strong WB genes have entered numerous tabby breeding programs. :-((
I am still an unexpierenced breeder with a strong vision.
The ideal pattern for the development of the clearest form of Shaded.
The Chinchilla with a Ticked tabby genotype.
It was because of my desire for freedom from any markings that I decided to follow the route of Ticked Tabby pattern based Shaded.
The concerns and confusions over Ticked Tabbies and ticked-based Shaded cats do, I have to admit, lie firmly at my door.
I accept guilt!!
At first I wanted to have the ticked tabby judged and showed by their genotype. After sleeping on it, it became clear that this was "so" wrong.
After many hours of discussion about cats’ fur with first Richard Meyndert, (Goldfever) Angelika Niesel (d'Oaxaca), and some other it became clear that we had the same goal.
What is Silver?
Silver colouring is caused by the action of a dominant gene known as the Melanin Inhibitor (I) whose presence prevents the full development of pigmentation in the hair. It affects both the non-agouti and the agouti cat, its presence in the former turns a Self Cat into a Smoke. In the agouti cat the result is the Silver Tabby or Silver Shaded. The action of the Melanin Inhibitor in agouti cats is far more noticeable in the agouti hairs than in the patterned areas. The gene
nhas a widely variable effect, in some animals there is a very deep white base, whilst in others the animal is so dark that it appears visually self-coloured. In addition the actual colour of pattern in the silvers lacks the warmth of colour which is found in their non-silver, or ‘standard’ counterparts.
THE TICKED TABBY
Having considered the above basics we must now turn our attention to the Ticked Tabby and consider it in some detail. The ticked tabby genotype came from all kind of directions in to the british breed for exmple via colourpoint (the oriental breeds). Indeed the gene could be introduced in the silver - golden breeds by outcrossings to point related ancestors. It probably even was first in the solid breed before it enterd the agouti breed. Now most breeders of solid colored British are selecting for this genotype in order to have clear coated creme,
red, blues, etc...
The ancestry of almost all lines of quality Ticked Tabby goldens on the mean land can be traced back to Polars Jenko. The entire body coat consists of ticked or agouti hairs though tabby barring may be apparent on the face, chest, legs and tail. The body fur is true agouti, consisting solely of evenly banded hairs. He was not carrying strong WB genes needer a strong agouti signaling protein, "ASIP".
In the ideal cat each hair would have one or NO bands of each colour.
The Ticked Tabby gene (Ta) is the highest in order of dominance in the tabby allelic series, and the heterozygote can therefore carry either Spotted (T) or Classic (tb) pattern. Neither the Spotted Tabby nor the Classic Tabby can carry the Ticked pattern. The Ticked allele Ta is incompletely dominant, and accordingly the Ticked Tabby has a peculiarity in that it has two distinctly different forms dependant on the genotype.
The Standard for the British Shaded cats allows a wide range in the degree of coloured tipping / shading, and gives Breeders, and Judges for that matter, wide latitude dictated I suppose by personal preference.
My personal aim as a Breeder is to breed Shaded cats, which are homozygous for A, Ta, and Wb - in simple terms pure for Agouti, Ticked pattern and the strongest Shaded factor. These cats will by definition have no tabby barring or stripes on body, legs, chest, or tail, and mated together will breed true. I have always had my sights firmly set on breeding the brightest coloured golden Shaded with the minimum of tipping and total freedom from any vestigial tabby barring. Other Breeders may prefer a cat with far more visible colour.
Over the years a group of breeders, came with a consensus:
Shaded did never exist and all shaded cats will be determind by their genotype: Ticked tabby and showed to be soo.
This is wrong and needs no more explanation!!!!
My opinion is that a shaded may be based on any of the Tabby patterns. It is interesting to note that Chinchilla's are known to come out of every genotype, and in this variety selection has now been taken so far that the delightful shimmer of tipping has disappeared and the Chinchilla is virtually a white cat. There are six possible basic genotypes in Shaded breeding:
Before we can take a close look at the tabby and shaded or ticked pattern it is necessary to consider, and have some understanding of the basics of both the tabby and the shaded cat and the effect of the silver gene. In essence ‘what is a tabby?’, ‘what is a shaded?' and ‘what is silver?’
What is a Tabby?
The tabby cat is produced by the action of two separate genes, the Agouti gene combined with the allele for pattern. The Agouti gene (A) (what can be read as wild colored cat). We see banding or ticking on the hairs. In the self or non-agouti (aa) (what can be read as all solid colored cats) the hair is the same colour from skin to tip, but in the agouti cat (Aa or AA) the hair shows distinct bands of two colours. As a consequence of the presence of the pattern gene the agouti gene does not affect all parts of the coat equally, but gives an uneven, though regular, pattern of solid areas of coat devoid of ticking or banding. It is important that the solid areas of colour forming the pattern must show no sign of agouti hairs, or agouti invasion. The area between the pattern consists of agouti hairs, and is usually referred to as ‘ground colour’. The three distinct, ""recognisable"", Tabby patterns in the British Shorthair are Ticked (Ta), Spotted (T), & Classic (tb). Whether the Mackerel Tabby exists in the British; or any other breed for that matter; as a distinct form, or merely a variation of Spotted is certainly open to conjecture. It must be remembered that all cats, non agouti and agouti, have patterns, but these only become clearly visible in the agouti cats. The ‘ghost markings’ of self (solid colored) cats, especially the lighter colours, clearly indicate their pattern.
What then is a Shaded?
A Shaded, either Silver or golden, is in essence a modified Tabby where the colour is restricted to the upper portion of the hair, anything from half the hair to just a tiny tip. The genes responsible for this I like to call ‘Wide-band’ (Wb) genes. The effect of the genes is that it greatly increases the width of the bands of ticking on the hairs; it distorts and effectively breaks down the tabby pattern so that it becomes indistinct, and at best invisible. The Wide-band gene was, along with Silver (I), introduced into the forerunners of our modern day British by the foundation SILVER cats. WB is something that you can select for and could be present in every cat. The strenght is something you can select for.
The effect of the allele appears to be somewhat variable, but this may well be the result of associated polygenes, and perhaps selection for these ‘enhancers’ is of greater importance in the breeding of the Shaded cat than in any other variety. Because the gene is incompletely dominant the heterozygote will not look like the homozygote, and is visually intermediate between the Tabby and the Shaded, and may well be mistaken for a Tabby, though in reality it is a Shaded.
The Wide-band gene greatly affects the balance between dark and light banding, producing a far higher proportion of light banding. The genotype/phenotype of the three basic combinations of the agouti and wide-band genes are :
they produced:
And together with the superb female
Golden Willow Vom Wahrberg (owner: Daniela Stanic)
Out of this combination
I kept a black chinchilla boy
Now I needed to breed this female to a not related good coloured golden in order to get my dream cat.
I looked for a bright golden to go with those genes and only found a few.
What a challenge!!!
The golden I looked for needed to have less type and a superb colouring. I already was aware off the possible genotypes in the goldens and it seemed that most of them where ticked tabby with disappointing colouring. Why they where poor coloured? Was it the chinchilla genetics that obviously was present in the Marvellous line that made the difference?
In my first combination I used the golden chinchilla male
(mackerel genotype)
Abimo de months d'Olympe.
Radetzki was bought by Richard at the famous silver and golden breeder Mrs. Wellmeyer with the "Marvellous" prefix. Mrs. Wellmeyer was a founder of the first British tabbies and by adding Persians in order to improve she managed to breed superb coloured goldens.
Richard Meyndert bought not only a beautiful male but also some 5 females Mrs. Wellmeyer worked with at the end of her breeding career. They where all very pure golden and not grey like the most goldens I looked at at that time. Some still had some patern like spotted. But the golden was superb.
This was what i was looking for!!!
I am someone that when he wants something he will get it even when this takes some (lots) of energy.
I finally descided to buy a kitten from him. I was not that lucky. He only had a silver out of Radetzki and the Souvereign's line. The female I bought was longhaired but she had an amazing type
(a little bit too exotic at that time), the coat colour, expresion and eye colour was and is perfect. While she was growing it became clear she was a pure black chinchilla.
Goldfever's silver Dana
Ticked Tabby & Shaded Cats
by Moens Gunther
In this article I want to share my visions because I believe there are some serious miss understandings in the genetics behind the cats out of the silver - golden series.
My understanding of the inheritance of coat colour in silver and golden cats has taken some time and I wanted to share my findings.
I would love to get reply to improve everybodies knowledge about this fascinating colors in the British shorthair breed!
The area I intend to deal with in this article is possibly the most complex within our existing range of colours and I accept that many breeders, who are not really interested in (the) theory, may experience some difficulty ‘getting their head around it’. A large part of the article may appear to be rather technical and does assume a basic understanding of the fundamentals of colour inheritance. To balance this I hope to convey not only my enthusiasm for the golden British shorthairs, but also some background to the breed.
While I was orientating to get my first pedigree cat I came across golden in my favorite breed the British shorthair.
I will never forget my first visit to the "Goldfever's" cattery in Holland. At the moment I visited Mr. Richard Meyndert he was the proud owner of a big collection of golden British shorthairs. I was looking to buy one but did not know at that moment I was not the only one... At that moment he only had an overtyped longhaired black chinchilla coming out of a beautiful golden stud.
"Marvellous golden Radetzki"